Vitamin B3 is a precursor to the metabolically active coenzymes, NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and NADP (NAD phosphate). NAD and NADP have pervasive roles in the electron-transport chain and oxidation-reduction reactions. At least 200 enzymes depend on this vitamin B3 cofactors. In vivo studies indicate niacinamide plays a key role in cellular energy and enhancement of energy-dependent cellular functions such as DNA restoration. † Independent of its functions as NAD or NADP, niacinamide may support healthy skin
and joints, and the proper metabolism of glucose.